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Introduction To MIMO
Various schemes that employ multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver are being considered to improve the range and performance of communication systems. By far the most promising multiple antenna technology today happens to be the so called multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. MIMO systems employ multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver as shown in Figure 1. MIMO systems transmit independent data on different transmit antennas simultaneously and in the same frequency band. At the receiver, a MIMO decoder first estimates the channel and inverts it to extract the different data streams transmitted from all the antennas.
Figure 1 A MIMO system
Because multiple data streams are transmitted in parallel from different antennas there is a linear increase in throughput with every pair of antennas added to the system. MIMO systems require an environment rich in multipaths to achieve such gains in throughput. Diversity also leads to a more reliable communication system.
MIMO-OFDM combines OFDM and MIMO techniques thereby achieving spectral efficiency and increased throughput. A MIMO-OFDM system transmits independent OFDM modulated data from multiple antennas simultaneously. At the receiver, after OFDM demodulation, MIMO decoding on each of the subchannels extracts the data from all the transmit antennas on all the subchannels. The block diagram of a MIMOOFDM system in shown in Figure 2 A MIMO-OFDM system.
Figure 2 A MIMO-OFDM system
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